LAD #37: Brown v. Board of Education

Summary:

(1954) In Brown v. Board of Ed, the Supreme Court ruled that the Plessy doctrine "separate but equal" had no place in public schools. The desegregation of public schools began as a result.

photo- http://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/images/spring-2004-school-headline.jpg

LAD #36: Truman Doctrine

Summary:

Greece has appealed to the United States for economic and administrative support, and the US must supply that assistance. Turkey also requires our help. The US is the only country that these nations can turn to in their times of hardship and crisis.

photo- https://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/whitehouse.gov/files/images/first-family/33_harry_s_truman.jpg

LAD #35: FDR's Executive Order #9066

Summary:

Feb 19, 1942. The President gives the Secretary of War the authority to designate certain areas as military regions.

(This led to the Japanese internment camps of WWII, meant to restrict espionage among those who might be loyal to an enemy country based on their heritage.)

photo- https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmMay6ZJHlZ9RvySIGSvosPnCORfyhtZcAtNZ0TiJL1b3UGU2xPMTk3AZ9yaHptZTM0gdAQw8gaGD419q-S8QAxhXyAN3Tif2xqTR69Kb-YrqhuxKA0qXq0IFTWab4LjTP6RDlAQrGmzA/s640/WDC-Japanese-Internment-Announcement.gif

LAD #34: FDR's Declaration of War

Summary:

On December 7 of 1941, the American naval base in Pearl Harbor was attacked by the Japanese. The US had been diplomatic with Japan in ensuring peace in the Pacific. It was clear that this attack was deliberate and planned days or weeks in advance, meaning the Japanese had taken measures to deceive the US. The bombing caused severe damage to the naval base and many American lives were lost.

photo- http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/fdrpearlharbor.htm

LAD #33: FDR's First Inaugural

Summary:

(1933) The American people face dark times. The greatest task is to put people to work, and this task must be met with the urgency of war time actions. There must be supervision of banking and provision for an adequate but sound currency. The first priority is to fix the American economy, but the US will be a good neighbor to other nations. The people have to be organized and disciplined in order to attack their common problems. The government that has been handed down to this generation can handle this unprecedented situation, but in case Congress fails to act the President will use his executive power to wage a war on emergency.

photo- http://blogs.app.com/inthemoney/files/2008/09/fdr.jpg

LAD #32: Kellogg-Briand Peace Pact

Summary:

(1928) The treaty provides for a "frank renunciation of war as an instrument of national policy." "...Changes in [nations'] relations with one another should be sought only by pacific means"

(Kellogg was the Secretary of State, Briand was the French Minister for Foreign Affairs)

photo- http://media.web.britannica.com/eb-media/33/125933-004-6E30354E.jpg

LAD #31: Wilson's Fourteen Points

Delivered to a joint session of Congress January 8, 1918

At this time, the Russia was trying to settle peace with the Central Powers at Brest-Litovsk. The Central Powers were unclear in their principles and their purposes so that process was difficult. In going forward, Wilson set his Fourteen Points to dictate how to go about settling peace at the end of the war.

1. Diplomacy must be entirely public
2. Freedom of navigation of the seas
3. Removal of economic barriers (tariffs) between nations to establish economic equality
4. Reduction of armaments to what is necessary for domestic safety
5. Impartial adjustment of colonial claims, giving the population equal say with the government whose title is being determined
6. Evacuation of Russian territory and settlement of questions in such a way that Russia can determine its political development and national policy
7. Belgium must be evacuated and restored
8. French territory must be freed and invaded portions restored, including Alsace and Lorraine
9. Readjustment of the frontiers of Italy based on nationality
10. Austria-Hungary given the freest opportunity to autonomous development
11. The relations between the Balkan states be determined by friendly counsel along historically established lines and insure the political and economic independence and territorial integrity of the states.
12. The Ottoman Empire be broken up according to the nationality of the population. The Dardanelles must be permanently open for all trade.
13. Establish an independent Polish state with access to the sea
14. A general association of nations to insure political independence and territorial integrity (League of Nations)

The alliance needs to stand together to secure a just and stable peace. It is not jealous of German greatness, and doesn't look to impair it or modify any German institutions. The principle that runs through this program is clear.

photo- https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/President_Woodrow_Wilson_portrait_December_2_1912.jpg