(January 1, 1863)
All slaves within rebellious states are free. The executive branch and its military and naval power will uphold the freedom of these people. A state is not in rebellion if it is represented in the Congress of the United States. This is a necessary war measure. The freed people should not engage in acts of violence, and they should attempt to earn legitimate wages. They are invited to join the Union army. This emancipation is an act of justice and warranted by the Constitution.
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