LAD #37: Brown v. Board of Education

Summary:

(1954) In Brown v. Board of Ed, the Supreme Court ruled that the Plessy doctrine "separate but equal" had no place in public schools. The desegregation of public schools began as a result.

photo- http://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/images/spring-2004-school-headline.jpg

LAD #36: Truman Doctrine

Summary:

Greece has appealed to the United States for economic and administrative support, and the US must supply that assistance. Turkey also requires our help. The US is the only country that these nations can turn to in their times of hardship and crisis.

photo- https://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/whitehouse.gov/files/images/first-family/33_harry_s_truman.jpg

LAD #35: FDR's Executive Order #9066

Summary:

Feb 19, 1942. The President gives the Secretary of War the authority to designate certain areas as military regions.

(This led to the Japanese internment camps of WWII, meant to restrict espionage among those who might be loyal to an enemy country based on their heritage.)

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LAD #34: FDR's Declaration of War

Summary:

On December 7 of 1941, the American naval base in Pearl Harbor was attacked by the Japanese. The US had been diplomatic with Japan in ensuring peace in the Pacific. It was clear that this attack was deliberate and planned days or weeks in advance, meaning the Japanese had taken measures to deceive the US. The bombing caused severe damage to the naval base and many American lives were lost.

photo- http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/fdrpearlharbor.htm

LAD #33: FDR's First Inaugural

Summary:

(1933) The American people face dark times. The greatest task is to put people to work, and this task must be met with the urgency of war time actions. There must be supervision of banking and provision for an adequate but sound currency. The first priority is to fix the American economy, but the US will be a good neighbor to other nations. The people have to be organized and disciplined in order to attack their common problems. The government that has been handed down to this generation can handle this unprecedented situation, but in case Congress fails to act the President will use his executive power to wage a war on emergency.

photo- http://blogs.app.com/inthemoney/files/2008/09/fdr.jpg

LAD #32: Kellogg-Briand Peace Pact

Summary:

(1928) The treaty provides for a "frank renunciation of war as an instrument of national policy." "...Changes in [nations'] relations with one another should be sought only by pacific means"

(Kellogg was the Secretary of State, Briand was the French Minister for Foreign Affairs)

photo- http://media.web.britannica.com/eb-media/33/125933-004-6E30354E.jpg

LAD #31: Wilson's Fourteen Points

Delivered to a joint session of Congress January 8, 1918

At this time, the Russia was trying to settle peace with the Central Powers at Brest-Litovsk. The Central Powers were unclear in their principles and their purposes so that process was difficult. In going forward, Wilson set his Fourteen Points to dictate how to go about settling peace at the end of the war.

1. Diplomacy must be entirely public
2. Freedom of navigation of the seas
3. Removal of economic barriers (tariffs) between nations to establish economic equality
4. Reduction of armaments to what is necessary for domestic safety
5. Impartial adjustment of colonial claims, giving the population equal say with the government whose title is being determined
6. Evacuation of Russian territory and settlement of questions in such a way that Russia can determine its political development and national policy
7. Belgium must be evacuated and restored
8. French territory must be freed and invaded portions restored, including Alsace and Lorraine
9. Readjustment of the frontiers of Italy based on nationality
10. Austria-Hungary given the freest opportunity to autonomous development
11. The relations between the Balkan states be determined by friendly counsel along historically established lines and insure the political and economic independence and territorial integrity of the states.
12. The Ottoman Empire be broken up according to the nationality of the population. The Dardanelles must be permanently open for all trade.
13. Establish an independent Polish state with access to the sea
14. A general association of nations to insure political independence and territorial integrity (League of Nations)

The alliance needs to stand together to secure a just and stable peace. It is not jealous of German greatness, and doesn't look to impair it or modify any German institutions. The principle that runs through this program is clear.

photo- https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/President_Woodrow_Wilson_portrait_December_2_1912.jpg

LAD #30: Schenck v. United States

Charles Schenck mailed circulars to draftees during the Great War urging them to protest against the Conscription Act and petition to repeal it. The question that faced the Supreme Court was "Are Schenck's actions protected by the free speech clause of the First Amendment?" The Court said no, ruling in favor of the United States. Holmes, in the majority opinion, said that Schenck's conduct was unlawful under the Espionage Act. "The question in every case is whether the words used are used in such circumstances and are of such a nature as to create a clear and present danger that they will bring about the substantive evils that Congress has a right to prevent." During wartime, the circumstances are different and what constitutes a clear and present danger is different from peacetime.


Schenck



Justice Holmes
















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https://www.awesomestories.com/images/user/482c5ae65e.jpg
https://multimedialearningllc.files.wordpress.com/2010/05/holmes.jpg

LAD #29: Keating-Owen Child Labor Act

Summary:

The Keating-Owen Child Labor Act of 1916 was the first attempt to limit child labor. It forbade the sale of goods produced by child labor and limited the hours. The Supreme Court declared it unconstitutional because it was more regulation than was allowed.


photo- http://www.ourdocuments.gov/document_data/document_images/doc_059_big.jpg

LAD #28: Wilson's First Inaugural

Summary:

(March 1913)

The Democratic Party has been very successful because the people seek to use it to change plans and point of view. Our life contains great things, but evil has crept into it. The government has used people for its own selfish purposes. And now it is our job to clean, to rid it of the evil without disturbing the good. We have perhaps the most efficient of industries, but we have not studied the costs. The government must safeguard the the health of the nation. The nation, stirred by a solemn passion, seeks to return the government and this society to justice. This is not a day of triumph; it is a day of dedication.



photo- https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/President_Woodrow_Wilson_portrait_December_2_1912.jpg

LAD #27: Clayton Anti-Trust Act

Summary:

Sec. 2. Companies can't have different prices for the same product for different customers.

Sec. 3. One can't make a sale or contract for a lower price to another in order to lessen competition.

Sec. 7. A company may not buy stock or capital in another company in order to lessen the competition between the two companies or create a monopoly.



photo- http://digitalvaults.org/images/assets/000/016/495/16495_dt_detail.jpg

LAD #26: MLK's 'I Have a Dream' Speech

Summary:

100 years after Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation, the negro is still not free. In a sense, we, the greatest demonstration for freedom, have come to cash a check for our unalienable rights. We can't luxuriate in gradualism, for this moment of racial justice is urgent. But as we are given this justice, we must not drink from the cup of bitterness and hatred. We must walk together with the white men, and we cannot turn back. Do not wallow in despair, for I have a dream, rooted in the American Dream, that America will fulfill its promise, and that we will live as brothers and sisters in harmony. And when we let freedom ring from every village and from every mountainside, all people will sing "thank God Almighty, we are free at last!"



Photo-http://cp91279.biography.com/BRAND_BIO_BIO_Martin-Luther-King-Jr-Mini-Biography_0_172243_SF_HD_768x432-16x9.jpg

LAD #25: Dawes Severalty Act

Summary:

(1887) Land from reservations will be allotted to individuals. Indians who are born in the US and take up the role of citizen are citizens of the US and enjoy all of the rights and protections that come with it.


photo- https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/47/79/f9/4779f91db2fb05edd39fd2a9f6d36b8b.jpg

LAD #24: Cross of Gold Speech

Summary:

(July 1896) The gold standard is not the best option for the American people even though the Republican Party stands by it. It is in the best interest for the masses if silver can be used for currency.


photo- https://i.ytimg.com/vi/9SafTrjVY9o/hqdefault.jpg

LAD #23: Populists Party Platform

Summary:

(1892) In reaction to the injustice of the business tycoons, we work to put the power back in the hands of the plain people. Labor unions must be legal and the government should own and regulate the railroads. Currency needs to be stable and in the hands of the people not the government. Land is the heritage of the people and should not be dominated for special interests. We demand that the Pinkerton force be dissolved. The president and vice president should be limited to one term and senators should be elected directly by the people.



photo- https://raycityhistory.files.wordpress.com/2011/05/populist1.jpg

LAD #22: McKinley's War Message

Summary:

(April 11, 1898) The Cuban resistance to Spanish rule over the past decades has hurt American trade. The war is such that there is no clear end in sight. We now have to recognize Cuba as an independent nation and intervene as a neutral country. We are justified in doing so for the people of Cuba and for the people of the United States. The destruction of the Maine is proof that the situation in Cuba is intolerable. The President asks Congress to allow him to end hostilities in Cuba and set up a stable government.



photo- https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/Mckinley.jpg